A three-plane localizer must be taken at the beginning to localize and plan the sequences. Localizers are usually less than 25 seconds and are T1-weighted low-resolution scans.
Plan the axial slices on the sagittal plane and position the block parallel to the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Verify the planning block in the other two planes and ensure that an appropriate angle is maintained in the coronal plane, making it perpendicular to the line of the midline of the brain and the 4th ventricle. Ensure that the number of slices is sufficient to cover the entire brain from the vertex to the line of the foramen magnum.
TR 3000-4000 |
TE T2 100-120 PD 15-20 |
SLICE 3MM |
FLIP 130-150 |
PHASE R>L |
MATRIX 256X256 |
FOV 150-190 |
GAP 10% |
NEX(AVRAGE) 2 |
Performing PD + T2 dual echo scans in pediatric brain MRI offers valuable advantages. Firstly, it improves tissue contrast by utilizing the complementary information provided by PD and T2-weighted images. PD-weighted images excel at differentiating between gray and white matter, while T2-weighted images are excellent for visualizing pathological conditions like edema, tumors, and ischemic lesions. By combining these sequences, the overall tissue contrast is enhanced, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy.
Secondly, dual echo scans aid in lesion detection. Certain brain abnormalities, such as specific tumors or white matter lesions, may be more pronounced on PD-weighted images, whereas cysts or fluid-filled structures are better visualized on T2-weighted images. Simultaneously acquiring both sequences increases the likelihood of detecting a broader range of lesions, thereby enhancing diagnostic confidence.
Plan the axial slices on the sagittal plane and position the block parallel to the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Verify the planning block in the other two planes and ensure that an appropriate angle is maintained in the coronal plane, making it perpendicular to the line of the midline of the brain and the 4th ventricle. Ensure that the number of slices is sufficient to cover the entire brain from the vertex to the line of the foramen magnum.
TR 400-600 |
TE 15-25 |
SLICE 3MM |
FLIP 140 |
PHASE R>L |
MATRIX 256X256 |
FOV 150-190 |
GAP 10% |
NEX(AVRAGE) 2 |
Plan the coronal slices on the sagittal plane and angle the positioning block perpendicular to the line along the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Verify the planning block in the other two planes. Ensure that an appropriate angle is maintained in the axial plane, perpendicular to the midline of the brain. The number of slices should be sufficient to cover the entire brain from the frontal sinus to the line of the occipital protuberance.
TR 7000-9000 |
TE 110 |
FLIP 130 |
NEX 2 |
SLICE 3 MM |
MATRIX 256X256 |
FOV 150-190 |
PHASE R>L |
GAP 10% |
TI 2500 |
Plan the sagittal 3D block on the axial plane and position the block parallel to the midline of the brain. Verify the planning block in the other two planes. Angle the positioning block appropriately in the coronal plane, ensuring it is parallel to the line along the midline of the brain and the 4th ventricle. Make sure that the number of slices is sufficient to cover the entire brain from one temporal lobe to the other. To prevent wrap-around artifacts, both phase oversampling and slice oversampling must be used.
TR 680 |
TE 11-12 |
SLICE 1MM |
FLIP T1 ver |
PHASE A>P |
MATRIX 256X256 |
FOV 180-200 |
IPAT CS |
NEX(AVRAGE) 1 |
T1 3D imaging allows for excellent visualization of the brain structures in their natural orientation. It provides detailed information about the size, shape, and location of various brain regions, which is essential for evaluating structural abnormalities that may contribute to seizures.
Plan the sagittal slices on the axial plane and position the block parallel to the midline of the brain. Verify the planning block in the other two planes. Angle the positioning block appropriately in the coronal plane, ensuring it is parallel to the line along the midline of the brain and the 4th ventricle. Make sure that the number of slices is sufficient to cover the entire brain from one temporal lobe to the other.
TR 4500-6000 |
TE 100-120 |
SLICE 3MM |
FLIP 130-150 |
PHASE A>P |
MATRIX 288X288 |
FOV 150-190 |
GAP 10% |
NEX(AVRAGE) 2 |
Plan the axial slices on the sagittal plane and position the block parallel to the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Verify the planning block in the other two planes and ensure that an appropriate angle is maintained in the coronal plane, making it perpendicular to the line of the midline of the brain and the 4th ventricle. Ensure that the number of slices is sufficient to cover the entire brain from the vertex to the line of the foramen magnum.
TR 7000-9000 |
TE 70 |
FLIP 130 |
NXA 1 2 |
SLICE 3MM |
MATRIX 192X192 |
FOV 210-230 |
PHASE R>L |
GAP 10% |
B VALUE 0 |
Plan the axial 3D block on the sagittal plane and position the block parallel to the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Verify the planning block in the other two planes and ensure that an appropriate angle is maintained in the coronal plane, making it perpendicular to the line of the midline of the brain and the 4th ventricle. Ensure that the number of slices is sufficient to cover the entire brain from the vertex to the line of the foramen magnum. To prevent wrap-around artifacts, both phase oversampling and slice oversampling must be used.
TR 680 |
TE 11-12 |
SLICE 1MM |
FLIP T1 ver |
PHASE A>P |
MATRIX 256X256 |
FOV 180-200 |
IPAT CS |
NEX(AVRAGE) 1 |
Plan the coronal 3D block on the sagittal plane and angle the positioning block perpendicular to the line along the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Verify the planning block in the other two planes. Ensure that an appropriate angle is maintained in the axial plane, perpendicular to the midline of the brain. The number of slices should be sufficient to cover the entire brain from the frontal sinus to the line of the occipital protuberance.
TR 680 |
TE 11-12 |
SLICE 1MM |
FLIP T1 ver |
PHASE A>P |
MATRIX 256X256 |
FOV 180-200 |
IPAT CS |
NEX(AVRAGE) 1 |